Assessment of Hyperlipidemia Prevalence in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

Hyperlipidemia in Coronary Heart Disease

Abstract

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is closely associated with several risk factors, and hyperlipidaemia is one of the most significant contributors. Hyperlipidaemia is characterized by elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol, and triglycerides, as well as decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Objective: To assess the lipid profile abnormalities (triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL) among patients with coronary heart disease and to evaluate gender-based differences in these parameters. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Settings: Tertiary care hospital in Peshawar Pakistan. Duration: February to October, 2023. Methods: A total of 300 blood samples were collected from patients visiting the pathology laboratory. Samples were aseptically collected via venipuncture and stored at -20°C for analysis. The serum was extracted and analysed within one week for total cholesterol concentration using a diagnostic kit. Results: The results revealed that 16% (n=32) of male patients and 23% (n=23) of female patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) exhibited elevated triglyceride levels. There were higher levels of total cholesterol in 35 % (n=70) of the males and 28 % (n=28) of the females. The prevalence of high HDL was found at 8% (n=16) among males and 12% (n=12) among females, whereas that of high LDL was found at 31% (n=62) among males and 38% (n=38) among females. The highly significant gender disparities were found in triglycerides (p=0.042) and LDL (p=0.034). Conclusion: The results indicate a higher prevalence of hyperlipidaemia among CHD patients in Peshawar, with females showing a higher percentage of lipid abnormalities compared to males. The area is identified as a higher endemic region for CHD in Pakistan.