Lupus Nephritis by Class Distribution in Western Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study was to see the local histopathology of lupus nephritis and to study there clinicopathological correlations. Study Design: Cross-sectional Study. Settings: King Fahad Hospital, Saudi Arabia. Duration: One year from March 2016 to March 2017. Methodology: 16 selected Lupus nephritis patients were reviewed for histopathological abnormalities and were classified according to ISN RPA classification the clinical and laboratory was correlating to the histopathological data. Results: 16 patients underwent renal biopsy who fulfilled the revised American rheumatism revised criteria for SLE and our criteria for doing the biopsy were included in the study. Out of 16 subjects 13(81) were females and 3(19) were males with a ratio of 4 to 1. The age of the patients ranged from 27-45 years in males and 22-48 in females. The mean age of females was 35 ± 13, while that of males was 36 ± 9 years. Association of lupus with other disease conditions like hypertension was present in 25 percent while 6% had diabetes mellitus. The most common clinical symptom presented was edema in 12 patients (75%). All classes had arthralgias and fever. Conclusion: The histopathology of LN is variable. The ISN/RPA class IV has got the highest prevalence then come Class III, V & mixed. Clinical features do not predict the histopathological class. Similarly, disease activity markers such as ESR, hypocomplementemia and anti-DNA titres showed a positive correlation with the renal biopsy.