Histopathological Spectrum of Ovarian Neoplasms: A single center study.
Keywords:
Key Words: Ovarian cancer, WHO, Surface epithelial tumours, Serous cystadenoma, Mature cystic teratoma.Abstract
ABSTRACT :
Background:
Ovarian tumours represent a diverse spectrum of neoplastic lesions with considerable variation in their histogenesis, morphological features, and biological behaviour. Knowledge of their distribution and histopathological patterns is fundamental for establishing an accurate diagnosis and guiding appropriate clinical management.
Objective:
To determine the frequency, laterality, and histopathological types of ovarian tumours encountered in our study population.
Methodology:
This retrospective analysis included 366 ovarian tumor specimens evaluated over a five-year period (June 2019 to May 2024) in a private laboratory. Each case was reviewed and categorized based on detailed histopathological features. Tumours were classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Ovarian Tumours, 5th edition (2020). The data were subsequently analyzed to determine the frequency, percentage distribution, and laterality of ovarian tumours.
Results:
Among the 366 ovarian tumours analyzed, 180 cases (49.2%) involved the right ovary, 132 cases (36.1%) the left ovary, and 53 cases (14.5%) showed bilateral involvement. The mean age of the patients was 34.71 years. Serous cystadenoma emerged as the most common histological subtype, accounting for 44.3% of cases, followed by mature cystic teratoma (23.5%) and mucinous cystadenoma (14.2%). Among malignant epithelial tumours, serous carcinoma (6.0%) and mucinous carcinoma (2.5%) were identified. Germ cell malignancies such as dysgerminoma (1.1%) and yolk sac tumour (1.4%) were relatively uncommon. Less frequent entities included borderline mucinous tumour (1.4%), choriocarcinoma (0.5%), and immature teratoma (0.3%). Overall, benign tumours accounted for approximately 82% of all cases, showing a mild predominance on the right side.
Conclusion:
Benign ovarian tumours are the majority of cases in this study, with serous cystadenoma being the most frequently encountered lesion, followed by mature cystic teratoma. Malignant ovarian tumours were comparatively less common. Comprehensive histopathological evaluation is essential for accurate tumour classification and plays a critical role in ensuring appropriate patient management.
Key Words: Ovarian cancer, WHO, Surface epithelial tumours, Serous cystadenoma, Mature cystic teratoma.
