Histopathological Spectrum of Ovarian Neoplasms: A Single-Center Study

Histopathological Spectrum of Ovarian Neoplasms

Abstract

Background: The ovarian neoplasms range from neoplastic to non-neoplastic lesions that exhibit significant diversity in histopathological features and biological behavior. Objective: To establish the histopathological spectrum of ovarian tumors within the study population. Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Settings: Meezan Laboratory in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Duration: Five years, from June 2019 to May 2024. Methods: In this study, 366 ovarian tumor cases were seen, and the tumors were grouped based on their histopathological features according to the WHO classification. The study was analyzed using SPSS version 27, with frequencies, percentages, and laterality being highlighted. The p-value < 0.005 is considered significant. Results: Among 366 ovarian tumors, 180 (49.25%) were right-sided, and 132 (36.15%) were left-sided, with 53 (14.5%) being bilateral. The peak age incidence was between 21 and 30 years. The majority of surface epithelial tumors were benign. Serous cystadenoma was predominant, with 162 (44.3%) cases, followed by mucinous cystadenoma with 52 (14.2%) cases. The malignant form of surface epithelial tumors was dominated by serous carcinoma, with 22 (6.0%) cases, and mucinous carcinoma with 9 (2.5%) cases. Borderline mucinous tumors were less common, with 5 (1.4%) cases. In germ cell tumors, mature cystic teratoma was predominant, with 86 (23.5%) cases. Conclusion: This study found that benign ovarian tumors, with the most common being benign serous cystadenoma, predominance, which is slightly more prevalent on the right side. Malignant ovarian tumors were less common. Histopathological examination of the ovarian tumor is important for subcategorization and timely management planning.