Effectiveness of Innovative Pedagogical Methods versus Passive Teaching

Abstract

Background: Over the past several years there have been growing interest in the active teaching methods by the introduction of innovative instructional strategies as they fulfil the need of developing interests of students in participation and motivation towards learning and retaining knowledge. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of active and passive teaching methods for improvement in learning and retaining knowledge & to assess the comparison of improvement by diverse teaching methods in Pharmacology. Study Design: Academic Interventional Study. Settings: Jinnah Medical & Dental College, Karachi Pakistan. Duration: 31^st August and 1^st November 2022. Methods: Target population being 100 students of third year MBBS students of Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi divided into 3 groups. Each group was taught the same topic but with a different teaching method. Group 1-conventional/passive method, Group 2-Flowcharts and Group 3-Flipped classrooms. Descriptive was calculated for various variables. Paired t test was used for pre and post testing data of students and Independent t test used for comparison in between quantitative variables. Results: Demographic results were significant for students with A levels, day scholars, and self researchers. The noteworthy finding was that the males (n=44) showed most remarkable p value of <0.001 for knowledge and retention. Lecture method and Flipped classrooms with significant p value <0.002 and <0.043 as compared to Flow charts <0.222. Finally, the most notable feature being 62.6% improvement in knowledge of students by active and passive teaching methods. Conclusion: Lecture, no doubt is still the most promising teaching method. Flipped classroom also showed worthy improvement & males showing the most significant results for knowledge and retention after intervention of active and passive teaching methods.