Morphometric Variations in the Shape of Human Term Placenta and Site of Insertion of Umbilical Cord under the Influence of Ethnicity

Sabahat  Gul; Zafar Iqbal Malik; Waqas Iqbal Butt

doi:10.29054/apmc/2018.113

Sabahat Gul Assistant Professor, Anatomy Quaid-E-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur
Zafar Iqbal Malik Assistant Professor of Anatomy Sahara Medical College, Narowal
Waqas Iqbal Butt Assistant Professor, Anatomy Sharif Medical & Dental College, Lahore

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29054/apmc/2018.113

Keywords: Ethnicity, Indo-Ariyan, Aryodravidian, Scythodravidian, Turko–Iranian, Bilobate, Succenturiatelobe

Abstract

Objective: This comparative or analytical study is designed to compare the gross morphological features of human term placenta in five ethnic groups. Indo – Ariyan (Mohajir) Punjabi, Aryodravidian (Sindhi). Scythodravidian (Pakhtun) Turko– Iranian (Baloch). Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the department of Anatomy. Basic Medical Sciences Institute (BMSI). Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre (JPMC) Karachi. From June 2012 to June 2014. Methodology: Five ethnic groups were included in the study. Fifty placentae were collected in total. Placentae were divided in 5 groups. 10 placentae were collected in each group. Group-A: Indo–Ariyan (Mohajir) = 10 was divided in 10 subgroups A₁–A_10,Group-B: Punjabi= 10, Subgroups B₁ – B_10,Group–C: Aryodravidian (Sindhi) = 10, Subgroups C₁–C_10,Group–D: Scythodravidian (Pakhtun) = 10 Subgroups D₁–D_10,Group–E: Turko–Iranian (Balochi) = 10, Subgroups E₁–E_10,Gross features of placentae were studied in detail & compared. Results: In shape of placenta 18 were circular in shape, A-3, B-6, C-3, D-3, D-8, E-7, E-9. 24 placentae were oval in shape A-2, A-9, B-3, C-2, D-6. In 4 cases A-10, B-5, C-8, triangular shape was observed. B-9 placenta was observed with succenturiate lobe. B-10, Placenta was having two complete lobes & E-2, bilobate placenta with second lobe comparatively short. Regarding results of site of attachment of umbilical cord 29 cases were found with e eccentric attachment of cord, 7 placentae with central attachment of cord, 14 placentae with marginal insertion. Conclusion: Shape of placenta & site of insertion of umbilical cord is a variable factor under the influence of ethnicity.