The Comparison of Risk Factors for Molar Pregnancy in PRIMI And Multi-gravid Women, A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

A Comparative Cross Sectional Study of Risk Factors Between PRIMI and Multiparous Women

Abstract

Background: Molar pregnancy denotes a spectrum of abnormal placentation ranging from benign partial and complete hydatidiform mole to choriocarcinoma. Incidence varies worldwide, influenced by genetic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. Objective: To compare the association of risk factors with molar pregnancies in PRIMI and multigravida women. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Settings: Obstetrics & Gynecology Department at Sahiwal Teaching Hospital, Sahiwal Pakistan. Duration: Two years (July 2023 to June 2025). Methods: 160 cases were included. Demographic and clinical parameters, including participants' age, gestational age at presentation, parity, and educational and socioeconomic status, were noted. Results: Of the 160 patients included, 70 were primigravida and 90 were multigravida. 70.0%, n=112, were 18–30 years with a mean age of 28.67 ± 3.87 years. The mean gestational age was 10.52 ± 1.54 weeks. Different risk factors noticed as 5.0% previous molar pregnancy, 46.3% poor socioeconomic status, 45.6% had blood group A, 20.0% prior abortion, 41.9% illiterate, 6.9% had age 35 years, and 35.0% had a history of oral contraceptive use. When compared between two groups, multiparous women had significantly more prior abortions as compared to primiparous (35.6% vs. 0.0%, p < 0.001); on the other hand, primiparous women were more illiterate as compared to multiparous (52.9% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.013). No significant differences were found among the remaining factors. Conclusion: Most of the risk factors did not differ significantly between the two groups. Sociodemographic factors may be more influential in determining risk.