Extradural Hematoma in Patients Presenting with Linear Skull Fracture after Head Injury

EDH in Skull Fracture

Abstract

Background: Head trauma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with skull fractures serving as key indicators of possible intracranial injury. Linear skull fractures are among the most common fracture types and are frequently associated with extradural hematoma (EDH), a life-threatening condition requiring timely diagnosis. Determining the frequency and relationship between linear skull fractures and EDH can improve early detection and management, especially in tertiary care settings. Objective: To determine the frequency of extradural hematoma in patients with linear skull fractures presenting to a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Settings: Department of Neurosurgery, Dr. Ruth K.M. Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Duration: May 30, 2020, to May 29, 2021. Methods: All patients meeting inclusion criteria were enrolled after informed consent. Each underwent a head CT scan for assessment of linear skull fracture and the presence of EDH. Fractures were confirmed radiologically, and data were collected by an independent observer not directly involved in the research. All information was documented on a structured proforma and analyzed statistically. Results: The mean age of participants was 31.77 ± 12.63 years. Of 224 patients, 198 (88.4%) were male and 26 (11.6%) were female. Extradural hematoma was present in 76 (33.9%) patients. The frontal bone was the most frequently fractured site (34.3%) and also the location most commonly associated with EDH (9.8%). Conclusion: Linear skull fracture shows a strong association with extradural hematoma. Patients presenting with linear fractures should undergo CT evaluation for EDH to ensure early diagnosis and appropriate management.