Association of Placental Abruption with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Its Fetomaternal Outcomes

Abstract

Background: There is an increase in incidence of placental abruption with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with associated maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Objective: To determine the association of abruption placentae with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and its fetomaternal outcomes. Study Design: Descriptive study. Settings: Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Unit-II, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore Pakistan. Duration: December 2021 to December 2022. Methods: During these one years study a total of eighty pregnant women with diagnosis of abruption placen and belonged to poor socio economics class. It is common in the women of age group 30-35 years. Maximum of the patient has Gravidity above three (62.5%).50 (62.5%) of cases were associated with severe preeclampsia. Still birth were recorded in 46 (57.5%) of cases while live birth pregnancy occurred in 34 (42.5%) of cases. Most of the patients presented at gestational age 33-36 weeks. Hypertensive disordered was the commonest risk factor detected in 55(68.75%) of cases. Post-partum hemorrhage occurred in 15 (18.75%) requiring B lynch suture and internal artery ligation and hysterectomy in 2(2.5%), 4(5%) and 1 (1.25%) respectively. out of eighty patients mode of delivery was caesarean section in 30 (37.5%) of patents while 50 (62.5%) delivered vaginally. DIC, ARF, Pulmonary edema & ICU admission occurred in 10 (12.5%) 6 (7.5%) and 1 (1.25%) 8(10%) of cases respectively. 2 (2.5%) maternal death occur due to DIC and Pulmonary edema associated with abruption were the causes of death.  The average stays of the patients with abruptio ranged between 3-10 days. Results: Pregnancy induced hypertension increases the risk of placental abruption. Abruptio placentae is associated with perinatal morbidity and mortality as well as maternal morbidity. Good antenatal care reduces the adverse outcomes associated with abruptio placentae. Conclusion: Pregnancy induced hypertension increases the risk of placental abruption. Abruptio placentae is associated with perinatal morbidity and mortality as well as maternal morbidity. Good antenatal care reduces the adverse outcomes associated with abruptio placentae.