Evaluation of Hematological and Metabolic Changes in Diabetic Patients the Impact of Novel Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 Inhibitors (SGLT-2) Pharmacotherapy

Sameer Ahmed; Shafi Muhammad Wassan; Summyah Niazi; Mehwish Tayyab; Uzma Riaz; Sidra Aslam

doi:10.29054/apmc/2022.1480

Sameer Ahmed Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, HBS Medical & Dental College, Islamabad Pakistan
Shafi Muhammad Wassan Associate Professor, Chairperson Department of Community Medicine SMBBMU Larkana & GMMMC Sukkur, Pakistan
Summyah Niazi Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, Quetta Institute of Medical Sciences (QIMS), Quetta Pakistan
Mehwish Tayyab Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, HBS Medical and Dental College, Islamabad Pakistan
Uzma Riaz Associate Professor/HOD, Department of Pharmacology, Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Shaheed Medical College, Mirupr, AJK Pakistan
Sidra Aslam Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Shaheed Medical College, Mirupr, AJK, Pakistan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29054/apmc/2022.1480

Keywords: Diabetes, Hematological parameters, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Hemoglobin

Abstract

Background: A class of drugs called SGLT-2 is used to control diabetes by preventing the kidneys from reabsorb glucose and increasing its excretion in urine. Objective: To assess the impact of novel Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors pharmacotherapy on hematological and metabolic changes in diabetic patients. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. Settings: The study was conducted at Department of Pathology, Mohi-ud-Din Islamic Medical College, Mirpur AJK Pakistan. Duration: September 2021 to February 2022. Methods: The study included 130 individuals who had poorly managed type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM). We collected data before starting SGLT-2 inhibitor therapy and again three months later after starting medication. Before and throughout the research, participants had their weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), serum glutathione peroxidase (SGPT), and a battery of tests to evaluate their metabolic and haematological profiles assessed. Results: The average age was 49.51 years (standard deviation ± 9.1), and out of the total, 78 were female and 52 were male, accounting for 60%. At 82.5 kg (SD ± 15.2), the average body weight was recorded, while the average BMI was 30.2 kg/m² (SD ± 4.5). The average of the two measurements, diastolic and systolic, was 85 and 135 mm Hg, respectively, with a standard deviation of 12 and 10, respectively. Significant increases were noted in haemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell count, with haemoglobin increasing from 12.5 ± 1.2 g/dL to 12.8 ± 1.3 g/dL (p < 0.001), 39.2 ± 2.6% (p < 0.001), and 4.5 ± 0.4 million/µL to 4.6 ± 0.4 million/µL (p = 0.002), respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study underscores the safety and efficacy of SGLT-2 inhibitors as an oral anti-diabetic therapy, highlighting their capacity to improve both hematological and metabolic profiles.