Correlation of Serology and Endoscopic Findings in Patients with Celiac Disease

Taqdees Abrar; Hafsa Javaid Cheema; Nosheen Nabi; Anwar Hussain Abbasi; Subaika Noureen Sajjad; Shabnam Rani

doi:10.29054/apmc/2022.1412

Taqdees Abrar Post Graduate Resident, Department of General Medicine, Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad Pakistan
Hafsa Javaid Cheema House Officer, Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad Pakistan
Nosheen Nabi Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Rawal General & Dental Hospital, Islamabad Pakistan
Anwar Hussain Abbasi Associate Professor, Department of Gastroenterology, Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad Pakistan
Subaika Noureen Sajjad Post Graduate Trainee, Department of Medicine, Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad Pakistan
Shabnam Rani Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Muhammad Medical and Dental College, Mirpur Khas, Sindh, Pakistan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29054/apmc/2022.1412

Keywords: Diagnostic accuracy, Serological testing, Endoscopic evaluation, Celiac disease, Gluten-free, Pakistan

Abstract

Background: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the small intestine and is triggered by the consumption of gluten-containing foods. The disease can cause a range of symptoms, including abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and malnutrition. The diagnosis of celiac disease is typically confirmed by serologic testing and endoscopic evaluation of the small intestine. Objective: To determine the correlation of serology and endoscopic findings in patients with celiac disease. Study Design: Prospective observational study. Settings: This study was conducted in the department of medicine, Rawal General and Dental Hospital, Islamabad Pakistan. Duration: Six months form April 2021 to September 2021. Methods: Patients with celiac disease between the ages of 14 years to 50 years were included in this study. Known patients with celiac disease who were not willing to be enrolled in this study, limitations to perform endoscopy, and pregnant women were excluded. Study's objectives and risk & benefits of the procedure were explained before data collection. Baseline and clinically relevant data was collected and SPSS v.22.0 was used for data entry and analysis. Results: Final analysis was performed on 100 patients. The mean age of patients with celiac disease was 37.19 ± 12.43 years and mean BMI was 22.18 ± 6.21 kg/m². Most of the patients (97%) with celiac disease had positive tTG. Presence of chronic diarrhea was observed in all of the patients with celiac disease. Scalloping of the fold were present in 73% of the patients, mucosal nodularity was present in 37% of the patients, and least common finding was presence of mucosal fissures/cervices/grooves in 7% of the patients with celiac disease. Conclusion: Adult celiac disease may present in their late 30s and is most common in females than males. Our study also proves that anti-tTG antibodies has higher diagnostic accuracy. While, hall mark sign of celiac disease (scalloping of folds/mosaic patter) was also most common and observed in 73% of the patients.