Incidence of Retinopathy and Factors Leading it in Type II Diabetics Attending Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad

Shabnam  Rani; Nadeem  Memon; Gordhan  .; Ghulam Fareed  Shah; Mahesh  Kumar

doi:10.29054/apmc/2021.1295

Shabnam Rani Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Muhammad Medical and Dental College, Mirpur Khas Pakistan
Nadeem Memon Associate Professor Department of Medicine, Muhammad Medical and Dental College, Mirpur Khas Pakistan
Gordhan . Associate Professor Department of Medicine, Muhammad Medical and Dental College, Mirpur Khas Pakistan
Ghulam Fareed Shah Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences, Nawabshah Pakistan
Mahesh Kumar Assistant Professor Department of Medicine, Muhammad Medical and Dental College, Mirpur Khas Pakistan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29054/apmc/2021.1295

Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, Diabetes duration, Factors, Poor glycemic control, Hyperlipidemia, Hypertension, Obesity

Abstract

Background: Diabetic retinopathy's severity and occurrence are connected to the stage of life at which it is diagnosed and the length of diabetes mellitus (DM); by the second decade of life, 60 percent to 80 percent of Type 2 diabetics experience diabetic retinopathy, which is a disorder that worsens with time and is aggravated by inadequate glycemic management. Objective: The objectives of this study was to determine the frequency of retinopathy and its leading factors among type 2 diabetics attending at Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad/Jamshoro. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Settings: Study was performed among Type 2 diabetics who attended at Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad/Jamshoro Pakistan. Duration: From May 2017 to November 2017. Methods: All the known/diagnosed cases (male or female) of type 2 DM (T2DM) were enrolled. Patients underwent fundus examination through dilated pupils by using fundoscopy for the evaluation of presence/absence of retinopathy. For positive cases of diabetic retinopathy, a preformed proforma was used to collect data by means of history taking and medical record of the study subjects including demographic information, duration of diabetes, measurement of blood pressure and BMI. The data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0. Results: A total of 1605 patients presented with T2DM, among which 260 (16.2%) patients observed with diabetic retinopathy. Multinomial regression analysis indicated that diabetic retinopathy was significant linked to the fasting blood glucose level of 175 mg/dl, HbA1c of around 9 %, Hypertension of 68.5%, BMI of nearly around 30 kg/m² and the mean diabetes (DM) duration of 11 years. Diabetic retinopathy had no significant correlation with other variables including cholesterol and triglyceride. Although duration of diabetes, univariate analysis indicated that duration of diabetes >5-years is linked with raised risk for diabetic retinopathy (OR = 3.09, 95% CI 1.5–8.35) and those having duration of diabetes >10-years had four times higher risk of acquiring diabetic retinopathy (p- 0.001). Conclusion: Incidence of the diabetic retinopathy was observed to be the (16.2%) patients of Type 2 diabetes. After controlling for various confounders, factors including fasting Sugar Level, HbA1C, BMI, and hypertension were significantly linked to diabetic retinopathy.