Evaluation of Morphologic and Topographic Anatomy of Nutrient Foramina of the Dried Human Tibia

Abstract

Background: Understanding the anatomical features of the distal humerus, including its articulations, bony landmarks, and ligamentous attachments, is essential for accurate diagnosis of injuries in this region. Objective: To comprehensively investigate and analyze the anatomical features of the distal humerus, with a specific focus on the tibia. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional study. Settings: Department of Anatomy, Dow Medical College (DUHS), Karachi Pakistan. Duration: From July 2022 to December 2022. Methods: The study utilized a combination of anatomical dissection and morphometric measurements to investigate the distal humerus, focusing on the tibia. Dissections were performed on cadaveric specimens to visualize and document the anatomical structures, while morphometric measurements were conducted using precision instruments. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and comparisons with existing literature to provide a comprehensive understanding of the anatomical features of the distal humerus. Results: There were 39 (86.66%) single and 6 (13.33%) double nutrient foramina on the right side, while the left side had 41 (83.67%) single and 4 (8.88%) double. The majority of foramina were directed downward, with 41 (45.55%) on the right and 43 (47.77%) on the left. On the antero-medial surface, there were 37 (82.22%) on the right and 35 (77.77%) on the left. The distance from the proximal end to the nutrient foramen was 17.76 ± 2.81 cm on the right and 17.12 ± 2.11 cm on the left. The foraminal index was 41.68 ± 7.41 on the right and 42.98 ± 6.81 on the left. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study provides a detailed anatomical analysis of the distal humerus, emphasizing the specific features of the tibia.