Frequency and Pattern of Fragrance Allergy in Faisalabad

Abstract

Background: Fragrances are common causes of allergic contact dermatitis. General population suffering from fragrance contact allergy (FCA) range from 1-4%. Objective: To determine the frequency and pattern of Fragrance contact Allergy and its clinical relevance in a sample of patients in Faisalabad with history of contact with Fragrances. Study design: Observational study. Place of study: Department of Dermatology of DHQ Hospital Faisalabad. Period of study: 3 years from 01-06-2014 to 31-05-2017. Methodology: Patients of age 15-60 years, of either sex, having recurrent red or itchy skin lesions and were suspected of Allergic contact dermatitis to Fragrances, presenting to the Department of Dermatology, DHQ Hospital, Faisalabad were enrolled in the study.  Patch testing was performed with European standard series (ESS) and Fragrance standard series. Patches were left in place for 48 hours and then removed. Patch test readings were taken at 48 hours, 72 hours and at 120 hours after application of allergens. Patch testing was performed in all patients on their upper back. Results: Fragrance contact allergy was detected in 16.5% (24/145) patients. ESS detected 12 patients. FSS detected 24 patients, means FSS detected 12 more patients that ESS would have missed if used alone. No single allergen was detected as more common than others.FM-II, Jasmine and sandal wood oil was commoner than others responsible for 2% of cases each. Conclusion: Fragrance contact allergy is common in population of Faisalabad due to availability of diverse type of cosmetics, soaps, shampoos, deodorants& body sprays.